AP Government-Chap 3-Module 2-

Cooperative Federalism

• Government that consisting of multiple layers
  
• Dual Federalism: State, county, and municipal government are separate entities bound by federal government
  
  • Grew until Great Depression
    
    • Roosevelt created New Deal Legislation to help depression
      
      • Created Cooperative Federalism:
        
        • Shared responsibilities and policies
          
        • Shared costs and programs and administrative roles
          
      • 14th amendment: shifted presidential toward national supervision of the states
        

        
        

  Fiscal Federalism
  

• National government provides grants and funing to states
  
  • Originated from confederation period to fund farmer education
    
  • Now covers public housing, urban development, and school lunches
    
  • Refusing regulations will cause government to take away funding which will hurt sate
    
  • Grants:
    
    • Categorical:
      
      • Heavily regulated
        
    • Formula:
      
      • Defined rules
        
    • Project:
      
      • Creates competition
        
    • Block:
      
      • Few restrictions
        
  • Conditions and Aid:
    
    • Difficult to meet
      
  • Devolution:
    
    • Concept of scaling back the size and activities of the national government and giving more control over domestic programs to the states
      
    • Extends to local governments and even to non-profit groups through second or third order devolution
      

      
      

  Terms to Know
  

• Black Grants: Given to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. Relatively few restrictions
  
• Categorical Grants: Federal grants used for specific purposes or areas of state and local spending. Many regulations
  
• Cooperative Federalism: System of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.
  
• Devolution: Scaling back of the size and activities of the national government
  
• Dual Federalism: A system of government where the national government and state governments have distinct realms of authority that do not overlap
  
• Fiscal Federalism: The model of spending, taxing, and providing, grants in the federal system
  
• Formula Grants: Federal categorical grants distributed according to a defined set of rules specified in legislation or in administrative regulations
  
• 14th Amendment: "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States
  
• Marble Cake Federalism: Cooperative federalism, where government share responsibilities
  
• Project grants: Awarded to states for specific purposes and given on the basis of the merits of applications
  
• Revenue-Sharing Program: A form of federal aid in which a pool of federal tax collections is given to the states as "shared money" with no restrictions
  
• Unfunded Mandates: Under-funded legislation pass by Congress.